Papa rei kounga kaiHe otinga pono te pepa mō ngā momo kai. Mā tēnei rauemi ka noho haumaru, ka roa hoki te ora, ā, he mea pai rawa atu tēnei mō ngā pakihi i roto i te umanga kai. Ki te whakaritea kipapa kai noamekāri mā te kai, e tūwhera ana te papa rei kounga kai mō ōna kounga teitei.
He aha te Pepa Poari Rei Kai?
Pepa papa rei kaihe rauemi takai motuhake i hangaia mō te whakapā tika ki ngā hua kai. He mea motuhake tēnei pepa nā tōna hanganga ahurei me ōna āhuatanga haumaru. He mea hanga mai i100% penupenu rakau, kia mōhio ai kei te tutuki i a ia ngā paerewa haumaru kai pakari. Nā te korenga o ngā matū whakama kanapa e wehewehe ana i a ia i te pepa papa rei noa, ā, he pai ake mō te takai kai.
Anei ētahingā āhuatanga tautuhie wehewehe ana i te pepa papa rei kounga kai i te pepa papa rei noa:
| Āhuatanga | Pepa Papa Rei Kai-Kōeke | Pepa Papa Rei Auau |
|---|---|---|
| Te hanganga | Kāore he kaihoko mā te rama | Tērā pea kei roto he matū whakamā kanapa |
| Te mā | He kōwhai ake i te papa rei noa | Me nui te mā |
| Ngā Paerewa Haumaru | E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga haumaru kai | Kāore i te mea he haumaru mō te kai |
| Ngā tono | He pai mō te whakapā tika ki te kai | Ngā tono whānui mō te tākai |
| Mahi | He tino pai te ātete ki te memeha, te ātete ki te mārama, te ātete ki te wera | Mahi paerewa |
Ko ngā paparanga pepa papa rei kounga kai he mea hanga ki ngā rauemi kounga teitei. Ko ngā paparanga o runga me raro he mea hanga ki te penupenu matū kua whakama, ko te paparanga o waenganui he mea hanga ki te penupenu matū-wera (BCTMP). Ka whakarei ake tēnei hanganga paparanga i tōna pakari me tōna mahi.
Hei tāpiritanga, e piri ana te tukanga hanga ki ngā paerewa tino pakari, kia kore ai he matū kino e kitea. Nā te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru, he mea pai rawa atu te pepa papa rei kounga kai mō ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te tākai haumaru i ngā hua kai.
Te Haumaru o te Pepa Poari Rei Kai
He mea nui te haumaru mō ngā rauemi tākai e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga kai. Ka tutuki i te pepa papa rei kounga kai ngā paerewa haumaru pakari, kia pai ai te whakapā atu ki ngā hua kai. Ka tutuki tēnei pepa i ngā ture o te ao, tae atu ki ngā mea i whakatakotoria e te FDA i te United States me te Mana Haumaru Kai o Ūropi (EFSA) i Ūropi. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka oati he haumaru te pepa mō te whakapā atu ki te kai, ā, ka piri ki ngā whakaritenga hauora me te haumaru.
Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei ngā paerewa haumaru matua e pā ana ki te pepa papa rei kai:
| Paerewa/Tiwhikete | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| FDA | Te whakatutuki i ngā ture a te Whakahaere Kai me te Rongoā i te Hononga o Amerika mō ngā rauemi e pā ana ki te kai. |
| EFSA | Te piripono ki ngā paerewa a te Mana Haumaru Kai o Ūropi mō te haumaru kai i Ūropi. |
| Tiwhikete Kai-Pae | Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki i te pepa pepa ngā whakaritenga ture motuhake mō ngā rauemi e pā ana ki te kai. |
| Ngā Paninga Ārai | Ngā maimoatanga e ātete ana ki te makuku me te hinu, he mea nui mō te pumau o ngā takai kai. |
He maha ngā āhuatanga haumaru nui o te pepa papa rei kai:
- Mā te Tiwhikete Kai-Whakarite ka tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru.
- Ka tiaki ngā paninga ārai i te makuku me te hinu.
- Me kore e paitini te hototahitanga o te mangumangu me te tānga, ā, me whakaaetia hoki mō te takai kai.
- He mea nui te ū ki ngā ture ā-rohe, ā-motu, me te ao.
- Mā te rokiroki me te whakahaere tika ka mau tonu ngā āhuatanga haumaru o te kai.
He rerekē, tera pea kei roto i ngā pepa takai kore-kai ngā poke kino. Ko ngā poke noa e kitea ana i roto i ēnei rauemi ko:
| Parahanga | Pūtake |
|---|---|
| Hinu kohuke | Mai i ngā waituhi tā, ngā piripiri, ngā ware pi, me ngā āwhina tukatuka |
| Ngā Bisphenols | Mai i ngā rīhiti pepa wera, ngā waituhi, me te kāpia |
| Ngā Phthalates | Mai i ngā waituhi, ngā peita, me ngā piripiri |
| Diisopropyl napthalenes (DIPN) | Mai i te pepa tārua kore waro |
| Ngā Kaiwhakaoho Whakaahua | Mai i ngā waituhi tānga kua whakamaroketia ki te UV |
| Ngā huānga kore-waro | Mai i ngā peita, ngā tae, te hangarua o ngā pepa me ngā papa kāore i te kai, ngā taputapu tukatuka, me ētahi atu. |
| 2-Phenylphenol (OPP) | He patu huakita, he patu harore, he patu huakita hoki; he rauemi mata mō ngā tae me ngā tāpiringa rapa |
| Phenanthrene | He PAH e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tae waituhi nūpepa |
| Ngā PFAS | Whakamahia hei ārai makuku me te ātete hinu |
Me piri ngā kaihanga kingā ture tino pakarikia mōhio ai kei te haumaru te pepa papa rei kounga kai mō te whakapā tika ki te kai. He rerekē ngā huarahi whakahaere a te Hononga o Amerika me te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Ka arotahi te US FDA ki ngā rauemi takitahi, ā, ka whakaaetia ngā tāpiringa mēnā kāore i te kitea he kino. He rerekē, ka whakahaua e te EU te whakaaetanga i mua i ngā tāpiringa, ā, ka whakamahia ngā nama-E mō te tapanga. E pupuri ana ngā rohe e rua i ngā paerewa haumaru teitei, engari ka whakahaerehia e te EU ngā whakamātautau hua whakamutunga, ā, kāore e whakaaetia ngā whakawāteatanga.
Te pakari me te roa o te pepa poari rei kai
He tino pai te pepa papa rei kounga kai i roto ipakari me te roa, he mea pai mō te takai kai. Mā tōna hanganga pakari ka taea e ia te tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē i te wā e kawe ana me te rokiroki ana. He mea nui te tukanga hanga ki te whakatutuki i tēnei kaha. Ko ia taahiraa, mai i te whiriwhiri rauemi mata ki te paninga, kua hangaia hei whakarei ake i te mahi a te pepa.
Ko te matotoru noa mō te pepa papa rei rei he rerekē i waenga i te 0.27 ki te 0.55 mirimita. Mā tēnei matotoru ka taea e ia te ātete ki te piko me te haehae, kia mau tonu ai tōna āhua ahakoa te pēhanga. Hei tāpiri, mā te paninga PE takirua i runga i te pepa papa rei ka whakaratohia he paparanga ātete makuku anō. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka tiakina ngā ihirangi mai i te makuku, ka mau tonu tōna āhua me tōna akuaku.
Ka whakamatautauria hoki te pepa papa rei kounga kai kia pakari ai tōna roa. Hei tauira, ka whakatauira te whakamātautau maturuturu i ngā maturuturunga tūpono i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e kawe ana hoki. Ka aromatawaihia e tēnei tikanga te ngoikore o te pouaka me ōna ihirangi mai i ngā koki rerekē. Ka aromatawaihia e te whakamātautau kōpeketanga te pai o te tu atu o te pepa ki te pēhanga ina whakatakotoria ki raro i ētahi atu pouaka. Ka whakaūhia e ēnei whakamātautau ka taea e te takai te tu atu i ngā uauatanga o te kawe me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru o ngā kai kei roto.
Ka tiakina te hanganga o te pepa papa rei kounga kai mā te tukanga hanga tino tupato. Ka tīpakohia, ka tukatukahia hoki ngā muka kounga teitei kia rite te matotoru me te ngāwari. Kātahi ka pania te pepa ki ngā rauemi kua whakamanahia mō te haumaru kai, kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa akuaku me te kaha i mua i te tākai me te tuku.
Anei ētahi āhuatanga matua o te pepa papa rei kai e pā ana ki te ātete ki te makuku:
| Taonga | Uara | Paerewa Whakamātautau |
|---|---|---|
| Makuku | 7.2% | GB/T462 ISO287 |
| Ārai i te Makuku me te Ārai i te Piko | Āe | - |
Te Whakataurite i te Pepa Poari Rei Kai me ētahi atu Rauemi Tākai
Pepa papa rei kaiHe rerekē ngā painga o tēnei rauemi i ērā atu rauemi tākai, inā koa te kirihou. Tuatahi, ka taea te hangarua i te pepa, ā, ka taea te tukatuka hei hua hou, ka tino whakaiti i te para. Hei tāpiri, ka pirau noa iho, engari ka roa pea ngā rau tau ki te pakaru o te kirihou. I ahu mai te pepa i ngā rauemi whakahou, he rerekē ki te kirihou, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua hinu kāore e taea te whakahou.
Ina whakaarohia te pānga ki te taiao, ka tere ake te pirau o te pepa papa rei kai i te kirihou. He māmā ake hoki te hangarua, nā te mea ka poke te kirihou i ngā toenga kai. Ahakoa he nui ake te kaha e pau ana i te hanga pepa, he iti ake te tapuwae taiao ina hangarua tika. Kua angitu ngā mira pepa hou ki te whakaiti i ō rātou pānga ki te taiao mā te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai me te kaha. He pai te hangarua o te pepa papa rei kai, ahakoa he iti ake te kaha o ētahi momo pepa paninga ki ētahi atu.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Pepa Poari Rei Kai i roto i te Ahumahi Kai
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te pepa papa rei kounga kai i roto i te umanga kai nā tōna haumaru me tōna pakari. He mea tino pai tēnei rauemi mō te tākai i ngā momo hua kai, kia mau tonu ai te hou me te haumaru i te wā e kawe ana, e penapena ana hoki.
Ko ngā hua kai noa e tākaihia ana mā te whakamahi i te pepa papa rei kounga kai ko:
| Hua Kai | Ngā Whakatakotoranga |
|---|---|
| Ngā Pouaka Tiakarete | 300gsm, 325gsm |
| Ngā Pouaka Hanawiti | 215gsm – 350gsm |
| Ngā Pouaka Pihikete | 400gsm me te matapihi |
I roto i te rāngai tunu taro, he maha ngā painga o te pepa papa rei kounga kai. Ka whakaratohia heārai pakari e tiaki ana i te kaimai i ngā poke o waho. Ka tautoko tōna mata maeneene i ngā paninga haumaru mō te kai, ka whakarei ake i te akuaku me te whakaroa i te roa o te oranga o te kai. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia e te hoahoa māmā ngā utu tuku, ka whai hua ai mō ngā kaihanga kai.
Heoi anō, he ātete te pepa papa rei kai ki te makuku, ā, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te hou me te āhua o ngā kai. Mā tōna āhua huatau ka tāpirihia he huatau ki ngā takai kai, ka whakarei ake i te wheako kai whānui.
Ka whai hua anō hoki te umanga inu i tēnei rauemi. I whakaatuhia e tētahi rangahau nā Yuan et al. (2016)17 o roto i te 19 tauira taputapu tēpu pepai te US i hangaia mai i te papa rei, e tohu ana i tōna whakamahinga noa i roto i ngā takai kai me te inu. E whakaatu ana tēnei ia i te haumaru me te mahi o te rauemi, ā, he mea pai ake i waenga i ngā kaihanga.
I te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō ngā kai kua rite ki te kai, kei te piki haere tonu te rongonui o te pepa papa rei kounga kai. Nā tōna āhua pai ki te taiao, i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi hangarua me te penupenu rakau parakore, ka noho haumaru te pa atu ki te kai. Mā te mahi tā pai rawa atu ka whakarei ake i te ataahua tirohanga o ngā takai kai kua rite ki te kai, ka waiho hei whiringa ataahua mā ngā kaihoko.
He pai rawa te pepa papa rei kounga kai mō ngā takai kai nā te mea he pai ki te akuaku, he roa te mau, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te tā. Kei te piki haere te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki ngā kōwhiringa pirau-koiora, e akiaki ana i ngā pakihi ki te whakamahi i tēnei rauemi pumau. E whakaatu ana tēnei panoni i te piki haere o te whakapau kaha ki te tiaki taiao i roto i te umanga kai.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te mea e haumaru ai te pepa papa rei kounga kai mō ngā takai kai?
He mea hanga te pepa papa rei kounga kai mai i100% penupenu rakauā, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru tino pakari, kia kore ai he matū kino.
Ka taea te hangarua i te pepa papa rei kounga kai?
Ae, ka taea te hangarua me te pirau i te pepa papa rei kai, ā, he mea tino pai hokikōwhiringa taiaomō ngā takai kai.
He aha te whakataurite i waenga i te pepa papa rei kounga kai me te kirihou?
He pai ake te pumau o te pepa papa rei kai i te kirihou. Ka tere ake te pirau, ā, he māmā ake te hangarua, ka tino whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-09-2025