Papa pepa kaihe mea nui tonu i roto i te umanga tākai, e 31% pea o ngā tākai kai o te ao. Ka whiriwhiria e ngā kaihanga ngā kōwhiringa motuhake pēnei iPepa Papa Rei Kai Kai or Kāri Ma Kaihei ārai i te poke. Tērā pea kei roto i ngā papa kore-kai:
- Hinu kohuke
- Ngā Bisphenols
- Ngā Phthalates
- Ngā PFAS
Te Tukanga Hanga Papa Pepa Kai
Te Rapu Rauemi Mata Ma
Ka tīmata ngā kaihanga mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi mata e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga tino pakari. Ka whakamahia e rātou te penupenu rakau parakore mai i ngā rauemi whakahou, he maha ngā wā i ahu mai i ngā ngahere e whakahaeretia ana, e taea ana te whai. Mā tēnei huarahi ka kore he matū ngaro e uru ki te tukanga whakaputa. Ko ngā matū anake kua whakaaetia mō te pa ki te kai ka whakaaetia, ā, me whai ngā kaiwhakarato i ngā paerewa akuaku hei ārai i te poke. Kei raro i te Tikanga Hanga Pai (GMP) ngā mahi a ngā mira, ā, kei te pupuri tonu i ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te ISO 22000 me te FSSC 22000. Mā ngā whakamātautau auau i roto i ngā taiwhanga whaimana ka tirohia te parakore o ngā matū me ngā moroiti. Mā ēnei mahi ka whakamanahia he haumaru ngā rauemi mata e whakamahia ana i roto i te papa pepa kai mō te pa tika ki te kai.
Tohutohu:Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi mata kounga teitei, e taea te whai, te tūāpapa mō te takai kai haumaru.
Te Whakapūpū me te Whakarite muka
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te huri i te rakau hei penupenu.Te whakapūpū matūKo ngā tikanga, pērā i te tukanga kraft, ka whakarewa i te lignin ka wehe i ngā muka. Ka puta mai i tēnei tikanga ngā muka kaha, parakore, he mea nui mō te papa pepa kai. Ko ngā muka tauhou te mea e pai ake ana nā te mea he roa ake, he kaha ake, he ma ake hoki i ngā muka hangarua. Tērā pea kei roto i ngā muka hangarua ngā toenga pērā i te waituhi, i ngā piripiri rānei, ka tūpono pea he mōrearea ki te hauora mēnā ka uru ki te kai. Mā te whakamahi i te penupenu matū me ngā muka tauhou, ka whakarite ngā kaihanga i te taumata teitei o te parakore me te kaha mō ngā tono takai kai.
| Tikanga Whakapūpū | Whakaahuatanga | Pānga ki te Parakore me te Kounga o te Muka |
|---|---|---|
| Te Whakapūpū Matū | Ka whakamahi i ngā matū hei whakarewa i te lignin | He tino parakore, he pakari ngā muka, he pai mō te takai kai |
| Te Whakapūpū Ā-Mīhini | Wehewehe ā-tinana i ngā muka | He iti ake te parakore, he ngoikore ngā muka, kāore e pai mō te kai |
| Te Whakapūtanga Matū Āhua-Matū | Matū ngawari + maimoatanga ā-ringa | Te parakore me te kaha waenga |
Te Horoi me te Whakamahi Muka
I muri i te whakapūpūtanga, ka horoia, ka whakamahia hoki ngā muka hei tango i ngā poke. Ka wehea ngā rauemi taumaha pērā i te kōhatu me ngā konganuku whakarewa mā te whakamahi i ngā kaihoroi matotoru. Ka tangohia ngā matūriki angiangi pērā i te onepu mā te whakamahi i ngā hydrocyclone, ko ngā poke māmā pērā i te kirihou me ngā piripiri ka tātarihia mā te whakamahi i ngā kaihoroi whakamuri me ngā hangarau tātari. Ka whakamahia e ēnei wāhanga horoi te kaha centrifugal me ngā rerekētanga taumaha motuhake hei whakarite kia noho ko ngā muka ma anake. He mea nui tēnei tukanga mō te whakaputa papa pepa kai e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga akuaku me te haumaru.
Te Hanga i te Pepa Papa
Kia ma ngā muka, ka hangaia e ngā kaihanga te pepa pepa mā te whakamahi i ngā mīhini motuhake. Mā ngā tikanga maha-paparanga, pērā i te tāpiri i ngā pouaka upoko tuarua, te whakamahi rānei i ngā mīhini waea takirua, ka taea te paparanga i ngā ranunga muka rerekē kia pai ai te kaha me ngā āhuatanga o te mata. Ka hangaia e ngā mīhini pokepoke rango he papa matotoru ake, he papa pakari ake, he mea tino pai mō ngā hua tākai pērā i ngā pouaka pata. Ka whakapai ake ngā papanga hanga porowhita i te rerenga wai me te ma, ka whakaiti i ngā pakaru me te whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa. Ka āwhina ēnei tukanga matatau ki te hanga papa pepa kounga kai me ngā āhuatanga ārai e tika ana hei tiaki i te kai mai i te makuku, te hāora, me te mārama.
- Ka whakanuia te kaha me te kounga o te mata e te paparanga maha-papa.
- Mā ngā mīhini motuhake ka ōrite te matotoru me te pakari.
- Ka whakarei ake ngā papanga hanga matatau i te ma me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
Te Whakamahi i ngā Paninga me ngā Maimoatanga Haumaru-Kai
Hei tiaki anō i te kai, ka pania e ngā kaihanga he paninga haumaru-kai ki te papa pepa. Ko ngā paninga noa ko te polyethylene (PE), ngā paninga whakaputanga biopolymer, me te ware pi. Ka whakaratohia e ēnei paninga he ārai ki te makuku, ki te hinu, ki te ngako, me te hāora. Ka taea hoki e rātou te hiri i te wera, ā, ka ārai i te piri o te kai ki te takai. Ka tutuki ngā paninga haumaru-kai i ngā paerewa FDA me te EU, kia mōhio ai kei te haumaru te takai mō ngā tono kai wera me te makariri. Ko ngā paninga hou e aro ana ki te oranga tonutanga, e tuku ana i ngā kōwhiringa wairākau me te pirau-koiora e hangai ana ki ngā au o te taiao.
Te Whakamaroke me te Whakaoti i te Papa
Mā te whakamaroke me te whakaoti ka whakarei ake i te haumaru me te kounga o te papa pepa kai. Mā te whakamaroke me te whakamaroke i te mata ka whakangawari, ka whakanui ake i te mātotoru, ka whakapai ake i te kaha me te ātete ki te wai. Mā te rahi ka pania te papa ki ngā matū pēnei i te māngaro, te casein rānei, ka whakanui ake i te ātete ki te hinu me te ngako. Ko te pepa kounga parakore anake ka whakamahia hei karo i te poke. Mā ngā paerewa e tohu ngā whakaritenga pēnei i te matotoru ōrite, te kore o ngā hapa, me te iti rawa o ngā āhuatanga pakaru me te haehae. Mā ēnei mahi whakaoti ka tutuki te hua whakamutunga i ngā paerewa teitei e hiahiatia ana mō te takai kai.
- Mā te whakamaroke ka whakangawari, ka whakapakari hoki i te mata.
- Ka whakanui ake te supercalendering i te kiato me te ātete ki te wai.
- Ka whakapai ake te rahi i te āhua me ngā āhuatanga ārai.
- Mā ngā paerewa pakari ka taurangi te haumaru me te mahi.
Te Mana Kounga me te Whakamātautau
I mua i te taenga atu o te papa pepa kai ki te mākete, ka tino tirotirohia te kounga me te whakamātautau. Ka tirohia e ngā rangahau hekenga te whakawhiti o ngā matū mai i te papa ki te kai. Kei roto i ngā whakamātautau te tātari i ngā tāpiringa, ngā monomer, me ngā matū kāore i tāpirihia kia kore ai e heke ki ngā taumata haumaru. Ka whakaū te whakamātautau organoleptic kāore te papa e pā ki te reka, te kakara, te āhua rānei o te kai. Me tutuki ngā ture pēnei i te FDA 21 CFR 176.170 me te EU (EC) 1935/2004. Ka whakahaerehia hoki e ngā kaihanga te tātari hanganga me ngā whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana hei manatoko i te haumaru me te mahi.
- Mā te hekenga me te whakamātautau ā-tinana ka whakarite kia haumaru te kai.
- Me tutuki ngā ture o te ao.
- Mā ngā tātaritanga ā-tinana me ā-matū ka whakaū te kounga o te hua.
Te Whakatutukitanga me te Haumaru Kai i roto i te Poari Pepa Kai
Te Whakatutuki i ngā Whakaritenga Ture
Me whai ngā kaihanga i ngā ture tino pakari kia haumaru ai te papa pepa kai mō te pa atu ki te kai. He rerekē ngā huarahi whakahaere a te Hononga o Amerika me te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Ko te US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e arotahi ana ki ngā rauemi takitahi, ā, e whakaae ana ki ngā tāpiringa mēnā kāore i te kitea he kino. E hiahia ana te Kotahitanga o Ūropi kia whakaaetia i mua ngā tāpiringa, ā, e whakamahi ana i ngā tau-E mō te tapanga. E whakatinanahia ana e ngā rohe e rua ngā paerewa haumaru teitei, engari e whakamātautau ana te EU i te hua whakamutunga, ā, kāore e whakaae kia whakawāteatia. He iti ake ngā mōhiohio tūmatanui a Āhia, tae atu ki a Hapani, mō āna ture mō te papa pepa kai.
| Āhuatanga | Te Hononga o Amerika (FDA) | Te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (EFSA me te Komihana o Ūropi) |
|---|---|---|
| Mana Whakahaere | E whakahaere ana te FDA i raro i te ture ā-motu; ētahi ture motuhake ā-motu | Ka whakatakotohia e te Komihana o Ūropi ngā ture; ka taea e ngā whenua mema te tāpiri i ngā whakaritenga |
| Whakatinanatanga | Arotahi ki ngā takai kai | Ka taurite te kapi i ngā takai me ngā taonga whare |
| Whakaaetanga Tāpiri | Ka whakaaetia mēnā kāore i te kitea he kino | Me whakaaetia i mua; ka aukati i ētahi tāpiringa kua whakaaetia e te US |
| Te tapanga | Ngā ingoa tāpiri katoa e hiahiatia ana | Ka whakamahia ngā E-tau mō ngā tāpiringa |
Ngā Tiwhikete me ngā Aromatawai
Mā ngā tiwhikete ka āwhina ngā kaihanga ki te whakaatu i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te kounga kai. Ka whakamahia e te tiwhikete Kai Kounga Haumaru (SQF) ngā mātāpono HACCP, ā, me whai pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari. Mā te tiwhikete Recycled Paperboard Technical Association (RPTA) ka whakarite kia tutuki i te pepa ngā paerewa mō te pa ki te kai. Ko te ISO 9001:2015 e arotahi ana ki te whakaputa tonu me te whakapai tonu. Ko ētahi atu tiwhikete, pērā i te FSC me te SFI, e whakaatu ana i te pūtake me te pumau. Mā ngā arotake auau ka tirohia mēnā ka whai ngā kamupene i ēnei paerewa, ā, ka whakahoutia tonutia ā rātou tukanga.
| Ingoa Tiwhikete | Rohe Arotahi | Ngā Paearu hei Whiwhi Tiwhikete |
|---|---|---|
| SQF | Haumaru Kai | Mahere HACCP, pūnaha kounga |
| RPTA | Pepa Whakapā Kai | E tutuki ana i ngā paerewa kai |
| ISO 9001:2015 | Te Kounga me te Hanganga | Ngā tukanga pumau, te whakapai ake |
| FSC/SFI | Te Oranga Tonu | Te whakahaere ngahere haepapa |
Te Aroturuki me te Tuhituhi
Mā te whai i ngā hua ka taea e ngā kamupene te whai i ia taahiraa o te mekameka tuku. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te kimi tere i te pūtake o tētahi raruraru, me te whakahaere i ngā whakahokinga mai mēnā e tika ana. Ka tautoko hoki te whai i ngā hua i raro i ngā ture, ā, ka hanga whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaihoko. Ka whakapai ake ngā pūnaha matihiko i te pupuri tuhinga me ngā wā urupare i ngā wā aituā haumaru kai. Ka pupuri ngā kamupene i ngā tuhinga taipitopito mō ngā rauemi, ngā tukanga, me ngā kaiwhakarato kia mārama ai, kia haumaru ai hoki.
- Ka pai ake te haumaru o te kai mā te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga poke.
- Ka taea te whakahaere tere i ngā maumahara, ā, ka tautoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
- Mā te mārama ka whakapiki ake i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko, ā, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā aituā.
Ko ia wāhanga o te hanga papa pepa kai ka tautoko i te haumaru kai me te pono o te takai. Mā te piri ki ngā paerewa haumaru kai ka hanga te whakawhirinaki a te kaihoko me tee tiaki ana i te ingoa o te waitohuKa whai hua ngā kaihanga i ngā tiwhikete, ā, ka whakapai tonu ngā hangarau hou me ngā mahi tauwhiro i te haumaru, te kounga, me te pānga ki te taiao i roto i ngā takai kai.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te mea e pai ai te papa pepa mō te kai?
Papa pepa kaiKa whakamahia ngā muka tauhou, ngā matū haumaru mō te kai, me ngā tikanga akuaku tino pakari. Ka whakamātauhia e ngā kaihanga te parakore me te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru kai.
Ka taea te hangarua i te papa pepa kai?
Āe, te nuingaka taea te hangarua i te papa pepa kaiHe māmā noa te hangarua i ngā papa ma, kāore i pania. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he tukanga hangarua motuhake mō ngā papa pania.
He aha i whakamahia ai e ngā kaihanga ngā paninga ki runga i te papa pepa kai?
Ka tiaki ngā paninga i te kai mai i te makuku, te hinu, me te hāora. Ka āwhina hoki i te papa ki te ātete i ngā paru, ā, ka whakapakari ake i tōna kaha mō te takai.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-11-2025