He aha te mea e pai ai te taiao o ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau wahine

Te whiriwhiri i ngā hua e pai ana mō te taiao, pērā i tepepa kanohi mō te whaea pepa rōra pepa nui penupenu rakau wahineKa āwhina ki te tiaki i te ao. I ahu mai ēnei rōra i ngā māra rākau e whakahaeretia ana kia tauwhiro, kia mau tonu ai te ataahua o ngā ngahere. Ka pakaru noa iho, kāore he para kino e toe ana. He rerekē ki ngā momo kē atu kua tukatukahia, he iti ake ngā matū e whakamahia ana, ā, he haumaru ake mō te taiao. Ko ngā mahi tauwhiro i roto i te rapu me te hanga he mea nui ki te whakaiti i ngā kino ki te taiao.

He mea nui ia hoko. Ko te tautoko i ngā kōwhiringa hoa-taiao pēnei i terīra whaea mō te pepa kanohi rōra nuika āwhina i te whawhai ki te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, ā, ka whakatairanga i te oranga matomato. Mā te whiriwhiripepa mata rōra nuimepepa tauera kanohi, ka whai wāhi koe ki tētahi aorangi hauora ake mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.

Te Mārama ki te Penupenu Rakau Wahine

He aha te Puru Rākau Wahine

I ahu mai te penupenu rakau hou i ngā rākau hou kua hauhaketia, ā, he mea tino pai tēneirauemi parakore, kāore anō kia tukatukahia. Kāore i rite ki te penupenu hangarua, kāore anō kia whakamahia anōtia, kia whakaranua rānei ki ētahi atu muka. Mā tēnei parakore ka puta he rōra kiko kounga teitei me te ngawari me te pakari. Ko te tukanga whakaputa ko te tango i ngā muka cellulose mai i te rakau, kātahi ka tukatukahia hei hanga hua pepa kaha, mimiti hoki.

Ko te tukanga Kraft tētahi o ngā tikanga tino noa mō te hanga penupenu rakau hou. Ka whakamahia te wera me te pēhanga hei whakarewa i te lignin, ka hua ake he muka roa, kounga teitei. Neke atu i te 95% o te penupenu ka taea te whakamahi e puta mai i tēnei tikanga, ā, he pai, he pono hoki mō te hanga i ngā rōra kiko kounga teitei.

Ngā Rerekētanga i waenga i te Puru Wahine, te Puru Hangarua, me te Puru Whakaranu

E kitea ana te kaha me te ngawari o te penupenu rakau parakore, he mea nui ēnei mō ngā hua pēnei i tete takai kanohi mō te whaeaHe rōra kiko nui te penupenu rakau parakore. Ko te penupenu hangarua, i tetahi atu taha, i ahu mai i ngā hua pepa kua whakamahia anō. Ahakoa he pai ki te taiao, he maha ngā wā kāore i te pakari me te maeneene o te penupenu parakore. Ka whakakotahihia e te penupenu whakaranu ngā muka parakore me ngā muka hangarua, e tuku ana i te taurite i waenga i te kounga me te pumau.

Mā te whakataurite i ngā momo penupenu ka kitea ēnei rerekētanga:

He aha i pai ake ai te penupenu rakau wahine mō te rōra whaea o te kiri kanohi. Rōra kiko nui o te penupenu rakau wahine

He maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria e ngā kaihoko te penupenu rakau parakore nā tōna ngawari me tōna kaha kāore e taea te whakataurite. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka pai mō te pepa kiri kanohi, he mea nui te whakamarie me te pakari. I ngā rohe e hiahiatia ana ngā hua akuaku papai, ko ngā pepa kiri kei roto i te penupenu te mea nui rawa atu i te mākete.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka whakarite te penupenu rakau parakore i te kounga pumau, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā rōra kiko nunui e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono nui. Ahakoa kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā muka hangarua mō ō rātou painga taiao, ko te penupenu parakore tonu te whiringa matua mō ngā hua kiko kounga teitei.

Ngā Āhuatanga Hoa-Taiao o ngā Rōra Tunutunu Rakau Wahine

Ngā Mahi Ngāherehere Tauwhiro

Ko ngā rōra kiko rakau parakore e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rākau mai i ngā ngahere e whakahaeretia ana me te tika. Mā ngā tikanga ngahere tauwhiro ka whakatōkia anō ngā rākau i muri i te hauhake, kia mau tonu ai te taurite i waenga i te whakaputanga me te tiaki taiao. Mā ēnei tikanga ka tiakina te kanorau koiora me te ārai i te whakangaromanga o te ngahere, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā nohoanga kararehe mohoao.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te tapahi i ngā muka hou te kino ki ngā rauropi, ka pā ki ngā momo pēnei i te caribou. Heoi, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi tauwhiro ka whakaitihia te kino o te taiao. Ko ngā kamupene e whakatairanga ana i te ngahere haepapa ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me te tiaki i ngā rauemi taiao mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.

Ngā Tiwhikete hei Rapu (hei tauira, FSC, PEFC)

He mea nui ngā tiwhikete ki te tautuhi i ngā rōra kiko e pai ana mō te taiao. Rapua ngā tapanga pēnei i teKaunihera Tiaki Ngāhere (FSC)me te Kaupapa Whakamana i te Tiwhikete Ngāherehere (PEFC). Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka puta mai te penupenu rakau i ngā ngahere e whakahaeretia ana me te whakaaro ki te oranga tonutanga.

Anei ētahi tiwhikete me ngā aratohu matua:

• Kaunihera Tiaki Ngāhere (FSC):Ka whakarite i ngā mahi ngahere tauwhiro me ngā whakaritenga tauwhiro pono.
• Kaupapa Whakamana i te Tiwhikete Ngāherehere (PEFC):E whakatairanga ana i te whakahaere ngahere tauwhiro puta noa i te ao.
• Te Pūtake Raraunga a te Kaiwhakaputa mō te Rapunga Pepa Taiao Kawenga (PREPS):Aroturuki ana i te kohikohinga kawenga mō te penupenu me te pepa.
• Ngā Aratohu Huinga Taonga Kaihoko:Āwhina i ngā kamupene kia karo i ngā pūtake tautohenga e whai wāhi ana ki te whakangaromanga o te ngahere.

Ko te tiwhikete FSC, i whakatūria i te tau 1993, e kapi ana i te 160 miriona heketeao te ngahere, ā, neke atu i te 63,000 ngā tiwhikete puta noa i te ao. I whakatūria a PEFC i te tau 1999, e tiwhikete ana i te 295 miriona heketea, ā, e mahi tahi ana me te 20,000 kamupene. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakaratohia te māramatanga me te kawenga, ka āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau whai whakaaro.

Te Tukatuka Matū Iti Rawa

He iti noa te tukatuka matū mō ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau parakore, ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo hua kiko. Ka karohia e te tukanga whakaputa te whakama nui me ngā matū kino, ka kino pea ki te taiao. Mā te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā matū kawa, ka whakaitihia e ngā kaihanga te mōrearea o te parahanga wai me te hau.

Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakarite kia haumaru ake ngā rōra kiko mō ngā kaihoko. Ngā hua pēnei i tete takai kanohi mō te whaeaKa mau tonu te ngawari me te kaha o te rōra kiko nui o te penupenu rakau parakore, me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā maimoatanga matū taumaha. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rōra kiko iti rawa te tukatuka ka tautoko i ngā tikanga whakaputa ma, ā, ka whakaiti i te pānga whānui ki te taiao.

Te Pirautanga o te Koiora me ngā Painga Taiao

Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau parakore ko tōna pirau-ora. Ka pakaru noa iho ēnei hua, kāore he para kino e toe ana. He rerekē ki ngā rauemi hangai, ka tere te pirau, ā, he mea pai mō te taiao mō ngā whare me ngā pakihi.

Ka whai wāhi anō hoki ngā rōra kiko pirau-koiora ki te whakaiti i ngā para. Ina makahia tika, ka hoki mai ki te whenua, kāore e whakapokea te taiao. Nā tēnei ka waiho ngā hua pēnei i te facial tissue roll mother roll virgin wood pulp jumbo tissue roll hei kōwhiringa pumau mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakaiti i ō rātou tapuwae taiao.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rōra kiko pirau-koiora, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tautoko i tētahi ao ma. Ko ia mahi iti, pērā i te whiriwhiri i ngā hua e pai ana ki te taiao, ka āwhina i te waihanga i tētahi taiao hauora mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai.

Te Whakaputa me te Pānga ki te Taiao

Ngā Tukanga Hanga Pūngao-Whakapai

Kua whanake haere te hanga i ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau hou kia pai ake ai te penapena pūngao. He maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i ngā hangarau matatau hei whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā e hanga ana. Hei tauira, ka arotauhia e ngā mīhini hou te tukanga Kraft, e tango ana i ngā muka cellulose mai i te rakau. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakaitihia te para me te whakanui ake i te penupenu ka taea te whakamahi, ka roa ake te mahi.

Kei roto hoki i ngā mahi penapena pūngao te whakamahi i ngā pūtake pūngao hou pēnei i te koiora me te hiko wai. Mā ēnei huarahi kē ka whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei tikanga, ka whai wāhi ngā kaihanga ki ngā huringa whakaputa ma.

E whakaatu ana te umanga pepa Pākehā i te whakawhirinaki ki te penupenu rakau hou, me42% o āna rauemi i ahu mai i ngā muka houHeoi, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he nui ngā tukunga mai i te hanga penupenu rakau Kraft ki te wai me te hau. Ahakoa he mea nui ēnei pānga, ko te whāinga o ngā mahi auaha tonu he whakaiti i ngā kino ki te taiao, kia pai ake ai te āhua o te heke mai mō te hanga rōra kiko.

Te Tiaki Wai i te Whakaputa

He mea nui te tiaki wai i roto i te whakaputa i ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau hou. Kua tino angitu te umanga penupenu me te pepa ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai i roto i ngā tau.

• Tae atu kiE 70 m³ o te wai para ka puta mō ia tana mita o te pepa ka puta.
• Tata ki te 70% o te wai e tangohia ana e whakamahia ana hei wai tukatuka.
• I roto i ngā tau 30 kua pahure ake nei, kua heke te wai e whakamahia ana mō ia tana pepa mā te 95%.

E whakaata ana ēnei whakapainga i te whakapau kaha o te umanga ki te oranga tonutanga. Inaianei ka hangarua e ngā kaihanga te wai tukatuka, ā, ka whakatinana i ngā pūnaha porowhita kati hei whakaiti i te para. Ehara i te mea ko te tiaki wai anake ēnei mahi engari ka whakaiti hoki i te parahanga, ka pai ake ai te hanga ki te taiao.

Te Whakaiti i te Tapuwae Waro i roto i te Mekameka Tuku

Ko te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro i roto i te mekameka tuku he wāhanga nui anō o te hanga pepa rakau parakore. Ka arotahi ngā kamupene ki te kohikohi rauemi mata i te rohe hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga kawe. Mā ngā pūnaha kawe taonga whai hua ka tere ake te nekeneke o ngā taonga, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie.

Mā te huri ki te pūngao hou i roto i ngā whare hanga ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. Ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga ngā panera rā, ngā tāhū hau rānei hei whakakaha i ā rātou mahi. E hangai ana ēnei mahi ki ngā whāinga o te ao ki te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi me te whakatairanga i ngā mahi tauwhiro.

Mā te whakatairanga i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te tiaki wai, me te whakaiti waro, kei te whakatakoto te umanga pepa rakau parakore i te ara mō tētahi heke mai pumau ake. Ko ia taahiraa o te tukanga whakaputa e whakaata ana i te whakapau kaha ki te tiaki i te ao me te tuku hua kounga teitei.

Ngā Tohutohu a te Kaihoko mō ngā Kōwhiringa Taiao-Pai

Me pēhea te tautuhi i ngā rōra kiko taiao-hoa

Kāore e hiahiatia he uaua te whiriwhiri i ngā rōra tauera e pai ana mō te taiao. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te rapu i ngā āhuatanga motuhake e tohu ana i te pumau me te kounga teitei. Anei ētahi tohutohu hei āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā kōwhiringa pai rawa atu:

• He ngohengohe, he pai hoki te āhua o ngā rōra tauera i hangaia mai i te penupenu rakau hou nā te meate nui o te penupenu rakau.
• Ka kitea ngā kita o te pepa kiko kounga pai ina unuhia engari kāore e tere te haehae.
• Āta karohia ngā hua he nui rawa ngā matū kanapa. Ina tahuna, ka puta he pungarehu mā, he pungarehu pango rānei i roto i ēnei kiko, he rerekē ki ngā mea e pai ana ki te taiao ka mura hei pungarehu hina tūturu.
• Ko te matotoru me te pakari ngā tohu o ngā takai kiko kounga teitei. Ahakoa te mākū, ka mau tonu te āhua, ka pakari hoki.

Mā te aro ki ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakatau whai whakaaro hei painga mō ō rātou whare me te taiao.

Te Hiranga o ngā Tiwhikete me ngā Tapanga

He mea nui ngā tiwhikete me ngā tapanga hei tautuhi i ngā rōra kiko e pai ana mō te taiao. Ka whakarato i te māramatanga, ā, ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā hua i ngā paerewa oranga tonutanga. Me rapu e ngā kaihoko ēnei tiwhikete e whai ake nei:

Hei tāpiritanga, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana te tapanga Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau e 77% o ngā kaihoko e pai ake ana ki ngā hua kua whakamanahia e te FSC. Ka hangaia hoki e ngā tiwhikete motuhake te whakawhirinaki, me te 76% o ngā kaihoko o te ao e whakapono ana me manatokohia ngā tohu pumau e ngā rōpū tuatoru.

Ko te takai e pai ana ki te taiao tētahi atu tohu. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau59% o ngā kaihoko i te US me te UKe pai ana ki te utu nui ake mō ngā hua he takai pumau. Mā ēnei tiwhikete me ngā tapanga ka māmā ake te whiriwhiri i ngā rōra kiko e hangai ana ki ngā uara taiao.

Te karo i ngā hua kua tino mā rawa, kua tino tukatukahia rānei

Ka pā kino te whakama rawa me te tukatuka nui ki te taiao me te kounga o ngā rōra kiko. Me karo ngā kaihoko i ngā hua e whakamahi ana i ngā maimoatanga matū nui rawa. He maha ngā wā ka poke ngā awa me te hau i ēnei tukanga, ka waiho he tapuwae taiao nui ake.

Engari, whiriwhiria ngā rōra kiko iti rawa te tukatuka. Hei tauira, ko ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau parakore, he iti ake ngā maimoatanga matū ka pā ki a rātou, kia mau tonu ai tō rātou ngawari me te kaha tūturu. He haumaru ake hoki ngā rōra kiko he iti ake te whakama mō te whakamahi i ia rā, nā te mea he iti ake ngā toenga kino kei roto.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā hua he iti noa te tukatuka, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakaiti i tā rātou pānga ki ngā matū me te tautoko anō i ngā mahi hanga kai ma.

Te Tautoko i ngā Waitohu me ngā Mahi Whakapūmau Mārama

Ko ngā waitohu e whakatairanga ana i te oranga tonutanga e tika ana kia tautokona e ngā kaihoko. Ko te māramatanga o te rapu rauemi, te whakaputa, me te takai e whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha ki te tiaki i te ao. Ko ngā kamupene e whakamahi anangā rauemi hangarua, ngā muka rerekē rānei pērā i te pāma me te kakau witihe maha ngā wā e ārahi ana i te huarahi i roto i ngā mahi atawhai taiao.

He taputapu āwhina te kāri kaute NRDC mō te aromatawai i ngā waitohu kiko. E whakaatu ana i te pānga taiao o ngā hua, e whakaatu ana he iti ake te tapuwae waro o ngā pepa hangarua me ngā rauemi rerekē. Hei tauira, ka whakakorea e te pepa wharepaku hangarua te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, ka whakamahia te haurua o te wai ki te hanga penupenu hou, ā, ka whakaitihia te parahanga o te hau.

Ka taea hoki e ngā kaihoko te rapu i ngā waitohu e whakapuaki ana i ā rātou kaupapa oranga tonutanga. Mā te tautoko i ēnei kamupene ka akiaki i ngā mahi haepapa, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te waihanga i tētahi heke mai matomato.

Penupenu rakau wahineKo ngā rōra kiko e tūwhera ana mō ō rātou āhuatanga atawhai taiao. I ahu mai i ngā ngahere e whakahaeretia ana mō te oranga tonutanga, ka pakaru noa iho, ā, he iti ake ngā matū e whakamahia ana i te wā e hangaia ana.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ēnei hua ka āwhina i te tiaki i te ao. Mā te tautoko i ngā waitohu me ngā mahi toitūtanga mārama ka whakarite kia matomato ake te heke mai. He rerekētanga ia hoko - whiriwhiria ngā kōwhiringa e aro ana ki te taiao i tēnei rā!

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te mea e pai ake ai ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau tauhou i ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau hangarua?

He tino pai te ngohengohe, te kaha, me te pakari o ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau parakore. He tino pai mō ngā hua kounga teitei pērā i ngā tauera kanohi, kia pai ai te whakamarie me te kounga i ngā wā katoa.

Ka pirau pea ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau hou?

Āe! Ka pirau noa ngā rōra kiko penupenu rakau parakore, kāore he para kino e toe ana. Hekōwhiringa taiaohei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.

Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā kaihoko te tautuhi i ngā rōra pepa tauera e pai ana mō te taiao?

Rapua ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te FSC, PEFC rānei. Tirohia mēnā he iti noa te tukatuka matū, he ngawari noa iho, me ngā tapanga e tohu ana i te pūtake tauwhiro.

Tohutohu:Āta karohia ngā hua kua nui rawa te mā, kia pai ake ai te āhua o te taiao!