Ko te mākete pepa kiko o te ao, neke atu i te USD 76 piriona te uara i te tau 2024, kei te tipu haere tonu i te mea ka piki ake te tono mō ngā hua tauera kounga teitei. Ko te ngawari, te kaha, me te mimiti e wehewehe ana i ia pepa kiko tauera penupenu rakau. ARōra Rauemi Mata o te Tauera Pepai hangaia mai i100% penupenu rakau parakoree whakarato ana i te maeneene me te roa.Ngā Rīra Whaea PepameRōra Nui Tauera Pepa MiroHe maha ngā wā ka tutuki i ngā kōwhiringa ngā paerewa ahumahi tino pakari mō te haumaru, te ngāwari, me te whakamarie.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Pepa Tauera Tuitui Rakau
Ngāwari me te Whakamarie o te Kiri
Ko te ngawari tetahi o ngā āhuatanga tino nui o tepepa tauera rakau penupenu matua. He maha ngā wā ka aromatawaihia e ngā kaihoko ngā hua kiko mā te ngawari o te kiri. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā taputapu matatau pērā i te Tissue Softness Analyzer (TSA) hei ine i te ngawari. Ka whakatauira te TSA i te pā o te tangata, ā, ka whakaratohia he kaute pono mō te ngawari, te taratara, me te pakari. Mā tēnei huarahi pūtaiao ka āwhina kia tutuki i ia takai matua ngā paerewa teitei mō te whakamarie.
| Ingoa Tikanga | Whakaahuatanga | Ngā Tawhā Ine | Kaupapa/Putanga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaitātari Ngāwari o te Kiko (TSA) | E whakatauira ana i te kare o te pā o te tangata; e ine ana i te ngawari, te taratara, te pakari | Ngāwari, taratara/māeneene, pakari | Ka tatau i te uara o te ringaringa (HF) e tohu ana i te ngawari whānui |
| Aromatawai Whaiaro (ROTO) | Ka whakataurite ngā kaiaromātai whai mātauranga i ngā tauira ki ngā tohutoro | Te rahi, te taratara, te ngāwari | Ka whakarato i tētahi kaute ngohengohe ā-ao i runga i ngā whakatauranga toharite |
| Pūnaha Aromatawai Kawabata | Ka tātari i te pēhanga, te taratara, me te piko | Te pēhanga, te taratara, te piko | Ka puta he uara ngohengohe ā-ao mō ngā hua kiko |
| Pūnaha Whatu | Ka whakamahi i te āhua o te mata 3D hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga o te mata me te papatipu | Te taratara o te mata, te matotoru, te rahi | Ka tatau i te inenga whānui o te ngawari mai i ngā mahere me ngā raraunga 3D |
He pānga tika anō hoki te ngawari ki te whakamarie o te kiri. Me hiahia ngā tāngata he kiri tairongo ki ngā tauera e kore e whakapataritari, e maroke rānei. Ka āwhina ngā rōra matua kore-matū, hypoallergenic hoki ki te ārai i ngā raruraru kiri. He rōra matua tauera pepa tauera rakau i hangaia mai i100% penupenu rakau parakoreā, kāore he kakara horihori, he matū rānei, he kōwhiringa haumaru mō te whakamahinga o ia rā. Mā te maeneene o te mata ka pai ake te whakamarie, ā, ka pai te kiko mō te pā tika ki te waha me te mata.
Kia mōhio: Ehara te ngawari i te mea papai noa iho. He mea nui hoki mō te whakamarie, inā koa mō ngā tauera kanohi me ngā tauera tauera e whakamahia ana i ngā wā maha i te rā.
Te Kaha me te Pūmau
Mā te kaha me te manawanui ka pai te mahi a te pepa tauera rakau i te wā e whakamahia ana. E tumanako ana ngā kaihoko kia noho pūmau ngā tauera me ngā tauera i te wā e murua ana, e whakapikoa ana, e horoi ana rānei i ngā turuturu. Ka arotakehia e ngā kaihanga te kaha mā te whakamahi i ētahi tawhā ahumahi:
| Tawhā | Whakaahuatanga me te Hiranga ki te Kaha/Te Pakari |
|---|---|
| GSM (karamu mō ia mita tapawha) | E tohu ana i te matotoru me te kaha; ko te GSM teitei ake he tikanga he roa ake te mau me te mimiti |
| Papa | Te maha o ngā paparanga; mā te maha atu o ngā paparanga ka nui ake te ngawari me te kaha |
| Te mimiti | He mea nui mō te mahi; he hononga te mimiti nui ki te kaha o te kiko me te ātete ki te haehae |
| Ngā Tiwhikete (FSC, ISO, SGS) | Te whakaatu i te piri ki ngā paerewa kounga me te haumaru o te ao, e tohu ana i te whakamātautau paerewa me te whakahaere kounga |
Ko te whakahaere kounga auau ko ngā whakamātautau kume, ngā whakamātautau tō, totoro rānei, me ngā tirotiro tirohanga. Mā ēnei mahi ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te matotoru ōrite me te kaha ōrite puta noa i te rōra. He mea nui anō hoki te hanganga o te rōra matua. Mā te whakamahi i te penupenu rakau tauhou 100% ka hangaia he turanga muka ma, ōrite, ka whakapai ake i te ātete haehae me te roa whānui. Mā te whakaranu i ngā muka rakau mārō me te rakau ngohengohe ka taea te whakataurite i te ngawari me te kaha, me ngā muka rakau ngohengohe e whakarato ana i te ātete haehae me te kaha mākū.
Te mimiti me te whakahaere wai
Mā te mimiti e whakatau te pai o te mimiti wai me te whakahaere i ngā maringi o te pepa tauera rakau. Ka whakamātauhia e ngā taiwhanga te mimiti mā te whakatakoto i tētahi wahi tauera ine ki roto i te wai, te wā i te nui o te wai e mimitihia ana, me te tatau i te rerekētanga. Mā tēnei tikanga ka tutuki i ia puranga ngā paerewa mimiti tino pakari.
He pakari, he ngāwari hoki te mimiti o te kiko penupenu rakau parakore. Ka noho pūmau, ā, kāore e haehae wawe, ahakoa he mākū. Nā tēnei he pai mō te muru i ngā turuturu me te horoi i ngā paru i roto i ngā whare me ngā wāhi arumoni. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi kē atu, he ngāwari te mimiti me te kaha o ngā pepa tauera penupenu rakau, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi tonu i te tēpu, i ngā wāhi ōkawa rānei. Ko ngā tauera pepa, e whakamahi ana i ngā muka rakau ngohengohe roa me te penupenu whakaranu, he nui ake te mimiti me te roa mō te horoi taumaha.
- Ngā āhuatanga matua mō te mimiti:
- Ka tere te mimiti i te wai mō te horoi pai
- Ka mau tonu te kaha, ka mau tonu te āhua ina mākū
- He pai mō te pā tika ki te kai me te kiri
Ko te pepa tauera rakau he mea hanga ki te penupenu rakau, he kaha, he ngāwari hoki te mimiti, ā, ka whakarite kia pono te mahi mō ngā hiahia o ia rā.
Ngā Momo Penupenu Rakau i roto i te Pepa Tauera Tauera Matua
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pulp Rākau Mārō
Ko te penupenu rakau mārō te tūāpapa mō ngā hua tauera maha. Kei roto ngā muka poto e hoatu ana ki te pepa tauera tōna ngawari motuhake me te mimiti nui. He maha ngā kaihanga e whakaranu ana i te penupenu rakau mārō me te penupenu rakau ngohengohe hei hanga i tētahi hua taurite. Mā te whakamahi i te penupenu rakau tauhou 100% ka whakarite kia ma, kia ngawari, kia kaha hoki te kiko. Mā tēnei hanganga muka ka āwhina i te kiko kia mau tonu tōna āhua i te wā e whakamahia ana. Ka tautokohia hoki e te penupenu rakau mārō te ngāwari, kia pai ai mō ngā tauera e hiahia ana kia ngāwari te piko me te whāriki. Ko te ngawari me te mimiti o te penupenu rakau mārō he mea nui ki te whakamarie me te whai huatanga o te pepa tauera tauera penupenu rakau.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pulp Wood Softwood
E kitea ana te hiranga o te penupenu rakau ngohengohe mō ōna muka roa, e tāpiri ana i te kaha me te matotoru ki te pepa kiko. Ka whakapai ake ēnei muka i te kaha kume, ā, ka roa ake te kiko. E whakanuia ana e te umanga te penupenu rakau ngohengohe kounga teitei, pērā i te Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK), mō ngā hua kiko kounga teitei. E whakaatu ana te ripanga e whai ake nei i ngā āhuatanga matua o te penupenu rakau ngohengohe e pā ana ki te hanga pepa kiko:
| Kāwai Taonga | Ngā Āhuatanga Motuhake | Te Hiranga ki te Hanga Pepa Miro |
|---|---|---|
| Ā-tinana | Te roa o te muka, te whānui, te angiangi, te matotoru | Ka whakanui ake ngā muka roa i te kaha me te matotoru, engari ka whakaiti pea i te ngawari |
| Matū | Te nui o te lignin, te hanganga o te mata | Ka pā te lignin ki te hononga me te mimiti |
| Te tukatuka | Taumata whakamahine, korekore o te penupenu | Ka pā te whakamahine ki te hononga me te hanganga rau |
| Ine | Ngā tātari muka, te tirotiro āwhata, ISO/TAPPI | Me whakarite kia tika te aromatawai i te kaha, te ngawari, me te mimiti |
Mā ngā muka roa o te penupenu rakau ngohengohe ka nui ake te matotoru me te pakari o te kiko, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia roa.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pulp Hangarua
I ahu mai te penupenu hangarua i ngā hua pepa kua oti te hoko. Kei roto i te tukanga te kohikohi, te whakarōpū, te tango waituhi, te horoi, me te whakamahine. Mā ngā mīhini motuhake, pērā i ngā mīhini penupenu, ngā kaiwhakapaipai, me ngā mīhini tātari, ka hurihia te pepa hangarua hei penupenu ka taea te whakamahi. Ahakoa e tautoko ana te penupenu hangarua i te oranga tonutanga, he poto ake ōna muka, ā, ka pirau pea i ia huringa hangarua. Ka hua ake pea tēnei he kiko ngoikore ake, he iti ake te mimiti, ā, he ngāwari ake te pakaru ki te whakataurite ki te penupenu hou.Ngā muka wahineI roto i te pepa tauera rakau penupenu, ka whakaratohia e te pepa matua he ngawari, he kaha, he ngawari hoki ki te mimiti, ka waiho hei whiringa pai mo nga hua tauera me nga pepa tauera kounga teitei.
Te Awe o ngā Momo Penupenu Rakau ki ngā Āhuatanga o te Roro Matua
Pānga ki te Ngāwari
Ko te ngawari tonu te mea nui mō ngā hua kiko. Ko te momo penupenu rakau te mea e hanga tika ana i te ngawari o te kiko. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau pūtaiao he poto, he angiangi ngā hanganga o ngā muka rakau mārō, pērā i te birch, te beech, me te eucalyptus. Ka hangaia e ēnei muka he mata rite ki te weriweri, ā, ka taea te ngoki mārie, ka whakanui ake i te ngawari me te whakamarie. He roa ake, he matotoru ake hoki ngā muka rakau mārō, pērā i te paina me te spruce. Ka whakapakari ake i te kiko engari kāore e whakarato i te pā ngawari rite ki te rakau mārō.
Kua whakamahia e ngā kairangahau te karu hiko matawai me te whakamātautau pepa ringaringa hei whakaū i te pānga o te āhua o te muka ki te ngawari. Ka whakarei ake ngā muka poto, angiangi o te penupenu rakau mārō i te ngawari me te mimiti wai. Ka ātete ngā muka roa, matotoru o te penupenu rakau ngohengohe ki te ngau, ā, ka tāpiri kaha, engari ka whakaitihia te ngawari. Ko ngā muka tauhou, inā koa mai i ngā penupenu matū, te mea e whakaputa ana i te kiko tino ngawari. Ka taea e te whakamahine ā-ringa ngawari te whakapai ake i te ngawari mā te whakanui ake i te ngāwari o te muka.
Kia mōhio: Mā te whakaranu i te penupenu o te rakau mārō me te rakau ngohengohe ka taea te whakataurite i te ngawari me te kaha, ka hangaia he kiko e pai ana te ahua, engari e mau tonu ana te pakari.
He whakatairite i ngā ranunga muka me ō rātou pānga ki ngā āhuatanga pā:
| Te Hanganga o te Ranunga | Pānga ki te Ngāwari o te Papatipu | Pānga ki te mimiti wai | Ngā Pānga Kē Atu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pīti me te Paina Makawe | Te ngawari o te papatipu kua whakapaitia | Te pikinga taurite | He pikinga iti o te kaha kume |
| Pīti + Paina Kraft | Te ngawari o te papatipu | Te pikinga o te mimiti tuatahi | - |
| Eucalyptus + Paina Kraft | Ngāwari noa | Te pikinga o te mimiti tuatahi | - |
Pānga ki te Kaha
Mā te kaha ka kore e haehae te pepa kiko i te wā e whakamahia ana. He mea nui te roa o te muka me te hanganga o te penupenu. He roa, he kaha ngā muka o ngā penupenu rakau ngohengohe, pērā i te Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK). He kaha te kume me te ātete ki te haehae o ēnei muka. He iti ake te kaha o ngā penupenu rakau mārō, me ō rātou muka poto ake, engari he ngawari ake.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau whakatairite he nui ake te kaha kume o ngā rōra pepa matua i hangaia mai i te penupenu rakau ngohengohe. Mā te tukanga whakakoi, e tāpiri ana i te ngawari, ka taea te whakaiti i te kaha kume mā te piko me te whakapohehe i ngā muka. Heoi, mā te whakaranu i ngā penupenu rakau mārō me te rakau ngohengohe ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatutuki i te ngawari me te roa.
| Āhuatanga muka | Pūmua Rākau Mārō (BEK) | Pani Rakau Ngāwari (NBSK) |
|---|---|---|
| Te roa o te muka | Poto | Roa |
| Te Pakari o te Muka | He iti (ngā muka angiangi) | Teitei (ngā muka taratara) |
| Pānga ki te kiko | Ngāwari, matotoru, mimiti | Kaha, ātete haehae |
- Ngā kaupapa matua o te rangahau whakatairite:
- Ka nui ake te kaha kume o ngā muka roa, taratara o te rakau ngohengohe.
- Ka whakapai ake ngā muka poto, angiangi o te rakau mārō i te ngohengohe engari ka whakaiti i te kaha.
- Mā te ranunga o ngā penupenu rakau mārō me ngā penupenu rakau ngohengohe ka taurite te ngawari me te kaha, ka whakarei ake i te pakari o ngā rōra pepa tauera.
Pānga ki te mimiti
Ko te mimiti e ine ana i te tere me te whai hua o te mimiti wai e te pepa kiko. Ko te momo penupenu rakau me te tukanga penupenu e pā ana ki tēnei āhuatanga.Rakau mārō kua māHe nui ake te mimiti wai me te ngawari o ngā penupenu. He iti ake te mimiti o ngā penupenu rakau ngohengohe engari he kaha ake.
| Momo Penupenu | Te mimiti wai | Ngāwari Papatipu | Ngā Tuhipoka Tāpiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rākau Mārō Kua Whakamā | Teitei ake | Teitei ake | He pai ake te mimiti me te ngawari o te wai |
| Rākau Ngāwari i Whakamākūkūhia | I raro | I raro | Te kaha kume teitei ake |
Mā te paninga matū ka puta he muka he pūwero tūturu, ka tere te mimiti i te wai. Mā te whakamaene i ēnei muka ka whakanui ake i ngā pūwero, ā, ka piki ake te mimiti mā te 15%. I tētahi atu taha, ka waiho e te paninga ā-ringa he nui ake te lignin i roto i ngā muka. Ka hua ake he kiko pakari, he kiko iti ake te mimiti. He nui ake hoki te mimiti o ngā muka kua whakatikatikaina ki ērā he cellulose microfibrillated.
Ka taea e te pepa tauera rakau i hangaia mai i te ranunga o ngā penupenu rakau mārō me ngā penupenu rakau ngohengohe te whakarato i te mimiti me te kaha teitei. Mā tēnei taurite ka pai te mahi a ngā tauera me ngā tauera mō ngā turuturu o ia rā me ngā mahi horoi.
Te Kōwhiri i te Pepa Tauera Tauera Rakau Tika mō ia Hua
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Tauera Napkin
Ka whiriwhiria e ngā kaihanga ngā rōra matua mō ngā tauera tauera i runga i ngā paerewa ahumahi tino pakari. He maha ā rātou whiriwhiri i te penupenu rakau parakore 100%, inā koa ngā ranunga eucalyptus, kia pai ai te ngawari, te kaha, me te mimiti. Ko ngā rōra matua mō ngā tauera tauera he maha ngā rahi nunui me ngā whānui me ngā taumaha turanga ka taea te whakarite. Mā tēnei ngāwari ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē a ngā kaihoko mō te kai, ngā huihuinga, me te ratonga kai.
- Ngā whakaritenga matua mō ngā rōra matua o te tauera pepa:
- Rauemi: 100% penupenu rakau parakore (ranunga ūkareiti)
- Diameter: Tata ki te 1150mm (rōra nunui)
- Whānui: Ka taea te whakarite mai i te 1650mm ki te 2800mm
- Taumaha turanga:13–40 karamu/m²
- Papa: 2–4 papa
- Diameter matua: 76mm (matua ahumahi 3″)
- Kanapa: Iti rawa 92%
- He mata maeneene, kāore he tauira, he māmā ake te tā i te waitohu
He mea nui ki ngā kaihoko ngā tauera napkin hehaumaru, ngawari, me te kaha. Mā te mimiti nui ka tere te mimiti o te wai, ā, mā te maeneene o te mata ka mārama te tohu.
Ngā Whakamahinga Tauera Pepa
Me whakarato e ngā rōra matua tauera pepa te kaha me te mimiti. He maha ngā kaihanga e whakaranu ana i ngā penupenu rakau ngohengohe me ngā penupenu rakau mārō hei whakataurite i ēnei āhuatanga. Mā ngā tukanga tapahi me te whakahoki i ngā momo rerekētanga o ngā hua, pērā i te tae, te whakairo, me te poka. Mā tēnei ngāwari ka tutuki ngā whakaritenga motuhake a te kiritaki, ā, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
- Ngā whakaritenga matua mō te mahi:
- He whānui matua kaha hei tautoko i ngā mīhini
- Te whānui me te whānui o te rōra kua arotauhia mō te rokiroki me te kawe
- He roa te pepa mō te watea ake
- Kounga ōrite mō te tahuritanga whai hua
Ka whakanui ake te penupenu rakau ngohengohe i te kaha o ngā tauera pepa, ko te penupenu rakau mārō ia ka whakarei ake i te maeneene. Ka whakakotahihia e ngā tauera pepa pai rawa atu ēnei āhuatanga, kia mau tonu ai te āhua ina mākū, kia tere ai te mimiti i ngā wai.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Kiri Kanohi
Me tino ngawari, me tino kore hoki e pāwera ngā takai kiri kanohi. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga he penupenu rakau kounga teitei hei hanga i ngā takai kia ngawari mō te kiri tairongo me ngā pēpi. Kei roto i ētahi takai kanohi he tāpiringa pērā i te aloe vera hei whakamarie ake. Ka whai ngā kaihanga i ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga kia tino haumaru ai te takai mō te pa atu ki te kiri.
- Ngā āhuatanga o ngā rōra matua o te kiko kanohi:
- He mea hanga mai i te penupenu rakau kounga teitei mō te ngawari
- I hangaia mō te maeneene me te kaha
- He hypoallergenic, kāore he matū kino
- E tutuki ana i ngā ture haumaru a te FDA me te EU
Ko te pepa tauera rakau i hangaia mō ngā tauera kanohi he mea ngawari, he haumaru, he whakamarie hoki mō te whakamahi i ia rā.
Ngā Whakaaro Whaihua mō te Hanga i te Pepa Tauera Rākau me te Rōra Matua
Ngā Tikanga Whakamahi me te Maimoatanga Muka
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga he huinga o ngā maimoatanga ā-ringa me ngā maimoatanga matū hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te kiko.
- Ka āwhina ngā matū whakapūmau pēnei i a VERSENE™ ki te whakapai ake i te mā, te kanapa, me te ārai i ngā haunga kino.
- Ka whakarei ake ngā matū horoi kiri pērā i a TERGITOL™ me DOWFAX™ i te whakaemulsification me te whakahaere pahuka, kia pai ake ai te tukanga penupenu.
- Ka whakaūngia te tukanga e ngā amine mā te whakakore i ngā waikawa me te pupuri i te pH.
- Ka whakanui ake te ngawari me te ngāwari o ngā polyethylene glycols, tae atu ki te CARBOWAX™.
Mā te whakaiti i te whakamahine miihini ka whakaitihia te puehu me ngā mea angiangi, ka puta ai te puehu i te wā e hangaia ana. Hei pupuri i te kaha, ka tāpirihia ngā kapia kaha maroke pērā i ngā polyacrylamides glyoxalated. Mā ngā taputapu matatau pērā i a Kemira KemView™ ka taea te tātari puehu tika, ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whakatutuki i te ngawari me te kaha me te whakaiti i te puehu.
Ngā Tāpiri me ngā Whakapaipai
Ko te hanga kiko hou e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mīhini matatau me ngā whakarei matū. Ko ngā hangarau hou, pērā i ngā mīhini TAD, ka whakanui ake i te matotoru, te ngawari, me te mimiti wai. Ka whakamahi ngā kamupene i ngā tāpiringa auaha hei whakapai ake i te ngawari, te kaha, me te mimiti. Hei tauira, ka hanga hononga kaha ngā muka cellulose mai i te rakau me ngā tipu, ka roa, ka ngawari hoki ngā kiko. Ka whakamahi ētahi waitohu i te kakau witi, i te muka bamboo rānei hei penapena rauemi me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao. Ka āwhina hoki ngā mahi auaha o te whakairo me te whakamaroke ki te hanga kiko kounga teitei me te pai ake o te mahi muru me te pumau.
Te Rerekētanga o ngā Pūtake Muka
Ka pā te whiriwhiringa o te pūtake muka ki te ōritetanga me te kounga o ngā rōra matua kiko.
- Ka whakarerekē ngā momo penupenu rakau, ngā muka hangarua, me ngā tāpiringa i te kaha, te ngohengohe, me te pūngao o te kiko.
- Mā te hanganga muka ōrite ka ōrite te kounga puta noa i te rōra.
- Mā te whakamahi i te penupenu rakau tauhou 100%, te penupenu bamboo rānei, ka tautoko i te akuaku, te kaha, me te ngawari.
- Me noho kaha te rōra matua i te wā e tāia ana, e pokaia ana, e takai ana hoki.
- He mea nui te pūngao whakahaere mō ngā momo kiko rerekē, pērā i ngā kiko mata e hiahia ana kia nui te mimiti.
Te rerekētanga o ngā pūtake mukaka pā ki te āhua, te kaha, me te haumaru o te hua whakamutunga, nā reira he mea nui te whiriwhiri tupato mō te mahi pono.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hou he rerekē te roa, te whānui, me te matotoru o te muka i waenga i ngā penupenu rakau mārō me ngā penupenu rakau ngohengohe, ā, ka hanga i te ngohengohe me te kaha o te kiko.
| Taonga | Ngā Pūpū Rakau Mārō (Eucalyptus) | Ngā Pulp Rākau Ngāwari |
|---|---|---|
| Te roa o te muka (mm) | 0.70–0.84 | 1.57–1.96 |
| Whānui muka (μm) | 18 | 30 |
| Te Pākari (mg/100 m) | 6.71–9.56 | 16.77–19.66 |
Ka tīpakohia e ngā kaihanga te penupenu hou, te penupenu hangarua rāneiwhakapai ake i ngā tāpiringahei whakataurite i te kounga, te whai huatanga, me te pumau. Ka whai hua ia hua kiko mai i tētahi huarahi kua whakaritea, kia pai ai te whakamarie, te pakari, me te mimiti mō te whakamahinga o ia rā.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te mea e haumaru ai te pepa tauera rakau parakore mō te pa atu ki te kai?
Penupenu rakau wahinekāore he muka hangarua, kāore hoki he matū kino. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā rauemi kounga kai, kia noho haumaru ai te pa atu ki te kai me te kiri.
Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te tono rahi ritenga, te whakamahi rānei i ngā papa mō ngā rōra matua?
He rerekē ngā rahi e tukuna ana e ngā kaihanga, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakarerekē i te maha o ngā paparanga mai i te 1 ki te 3. Mā tēnei ngāwari ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia whakaputa motuhake.
Me pēhea te tautoko a ngā rōra mātua i te hanga napkin whai hua?
Ngā rārangi matuaHe tino kaha, he maeneene hoki te oma i runga i ngā mīhini. Ka tere ake te whakaputa me te whakaiti i te wā whakatā mō ngā kaihanga mā tēnei āhuatanga.
Wā tuku: Hurae-22-2025